Tajweed Lesson Two, Part: 4. Arabic Letter Pronunciation with examples (Ash-Shafatain - الشَّفةُ, Al Khayshoom - الخَيشُون & Al Jawf - اَلجَوْف)

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ

Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim

(In the Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Most Kind).

Ash-Shafatain الشَّفةُ -

:This is simply the lips, and has 2 sub-categories

• When one lip is used

 ف The edge of the upper front teeth meet the inside lower lip (the wet part (إفْ) (

فَانفِروا, بِرَبِّ الفَلَقِ, قُرَادَي, أفوَاهِهِم

• When two lips are used

 و This is not the و  of elongation from the jawf. This letter will carry aharakaat. It is pronounced by the incomplete joining of both lips (إوْ)

تَوَّابًا, وِجهَةٌ, ووُجُوهٌ, موثِقًا

 م Pronounced by the meeting of the dry parts of the lips and pushing air through the nasal passage (إم) .

مَالَكِ يومِ الدِّين, أمِ ارتَابُوا, مُحمَّدٌ, فهُم فيهَا

 بPronounced by pressing the lips together firmly and quickly. Similar to the letter but there is more of a bounce as you press the lips then quickly release them again. (إبْ)

بِسمِ اللهِ, اِضْرِبِ بِّعَصَاكَ, وَاضْرِب لَهُم, يَبتَغُون

Al Khayshoom - الخَيشُون

The nasal cavity is located at the furthest point of the nose (the bridge of the nose). It is the opening that connects the mouth with the nose. This connection is where the ghunnah(غُنَّة)  exits. The ghunnah(غُنَّة)    is a sound that is resonated and the tongue is not used to produce it. The duration of the ghunnah(غُنَّة)  sound is for 2 counts.

The ghunna is produced in the following cases:

When the م has a shaddah مّ - ّ 

من مّآءٍ, من مَّسَدٍ, عَمَّ, ثُمَّ, لَمَّا

When theن  has a shaddahنّ - ّ 

إن نَّحْنُ, اَلْجَنَّةُ, إنَّا, كُنَّا, منَّا

Al Jawf - اَلجَوْف

This is all the empty space that occurs from the chest, up the throat and out through the mouth.

It is the mkhraj of the long vowels sounds (also known as the elongated letters) and is elongated for 2 counts.

Alif ا -

Upon which there is  ْ(sukoon) and is proceeded by aَ  (fathah)

قَالَ, سَالَ, مَالَ, جَآءَ

Waw و -

Upon which there is  ْ(sukoon) and is proceded by aُ  (dammah)

قُولُوا, رَسُولُنَا, تتَلاَ وَمُونَ, قَوَّا مُونَ

Yaa ي -

Upon which there isْ  (sukoon) and is proceded by aِِ  (kasrah)

اَلْفلِيلُ, مُستَقِيم, مُبِيـن, اَلرَّحِيم

These letters are also found in the Qur'an:

(11:49)

In the Qur'an the sukoon may not always be shown on the letter, but as a general rule, whenever a letter does not carry a vowel, it means that it has a sukoon, even if it is not actually present.

Tajweed Lesson Two, Part-1
Tajweed Lesson Two, Part-2
Tajweed Lesson Two, Part-3
Tajweed Lesson Two, Part-4

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