Tajweed Lesson Two, Part: 3. Arabic Letter Pronunciation with examples (Al Lisaan اللِّسَانُ)

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ

Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim

(In the Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Most Kind).

Al Lisaan اللِّسَانُ - 

Many letters come from the mouth: that is the tongue and its connection with the different areas of the teeth and mouth

There are 4 main makhaarij that can be divided into 10 sub-categories:

• The furthest back part of the tongue - this has 2 subcategories:

I,  قis pronounced by the extreme back of the tongue touching the upper palate to create a thick sound in the tonsils vicinity, with a round sound (إقْ)

يَتَقبلُ اللهُ, المُستَقِيم, قُوَّةٍ مِّن, يَقْعُدُ

II, ك The makhraj is slightly in front of the ق. This time the tongue should not meet the upper palate other than what is necessary to pronounce the letter. So the sound still comes from the back of the tongue, except this time the tongue is not elevated. (إكْ)

إٍيَّاكَ, مَالِكِ, كُبِتُوا, اِستَكْبَرَ

• The middle of the tongue - this single makhraj covers 3 letters:

 ج , ش and ي

These are all pronounced when the middle part of the tongue comes in contact with what lies opposite to it from the roof of the mouth

جمالٌ, رجِيمٌ, جنُودٌ, اِجلِسُوا

شَكَرَ, مُشِدٌ, شُكُورٌ, أَنِشْكُرُ

يَومِ الدِّين, النَّبِيُّن, يُسبِّحُ, قُرَيشْ

• The side of the tongue - this has 2 specific points of articulation:

 ضThe rear side of the tongue touches the upper back teeth (upper molars) in either one of 3 ways: from the right side, from the left side OR from both sides. The left side of the tongue is most commonly used as it is easier than the right, and usage of both sides of the tongue is rare (إضْ)

أنقَضَ, فِالأرضِ, مَعْضُبِ, رِضْوَانٌ, ذلكَ لإَضلُ الله

 ل, ن The tongue head (starting part of the tongue) touches the upper back teeth (upper molars).

  ر Located behind the makhraj of theل, ن    (إرْ)

 ضَلَلْنَا, بلى من اَسلَم,قالَ اللهُ, ثُلّةٌ من الأوَّلِين, بِنِعمةِ اللهِ

نَمنَعُكُم, مُؤْمِنِينَ, وامْنُن, أنعَمتَ, جَنَّاتٍ

ربّنَا, رِجَالٌ, رُحَمَآءُ, اِرْحَمْ, غفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

• The tip of the tongue

 ط, د, تThese letters pretty much come from the same place - the difference between them is slight but important. The tip of the tongue meets the base of the top front teeth (the place where the gums and teeth meet):

 ت Is most forward and exact at the point where the gums and teeth meet  (إتْ)

تَد عُون, مٌتَّقِين, والفَتْحُ, قالَتَ, تا اللهِ

 د Is a little further back   (إدْ)

فدَمدَم, الدِّينُ,  حمِيدٌ, دِينَارٌ, أَدْنَى

 ط Is behind the  دa little. The back of the tongue should also meet the upper palate as it is a thick letter   (إطْ)

شَطَطً, طَآئِعِينَ, شَيَاطِين, الطَّيِبَاتُ, يَتَطَّيَّرْنَ

ص, ز, س

 س The tip the tongue should meet the place where the gums and lower teeth meet. You should allow the flow of air in the mouth to pass from the back to the front and exit from between the teeth   (إسْ)

سَبِّحِاسْمَ, سِـتَّةٌ, سُبحَانَهُ, نَستَعِينُ, السَّابِقُون

 ص The back of the tongue elevates to meet the upper palate as it is a thick letter  (إصْ)

صلىَّ اللهُ, نَاصِيَةٍ, سَيَصْلَى, الصّضلاَةُ, الصَّوْمُ

 ز For this letter, the teeth should be pressed together  that the air passage sounds like a buzzing sound   (إزْ)

الزَّكَاةُ, زُلْزِلَ, زِلْزَالَهَا, زُرْزُورٍ, اُزْلِفَتْ

 ظ, ذ, ث the tip of the tongue meets the edge of the front upper teeth:

 ث is articulated by putting little pressure on the edge of the 2 upper incisor teeth  (إثْ) 

Note: do not push on makharaj.

ثَلاثَةٌ, ثُلَّةٌ مِن الأَوَّلِينَ, مَثْواهُ, حُسنُ الثَّوَابِ, ثَمَانِيَةٌ

 ذ is articulated by putting pressure on the mid-section of the 2 upper incisor teeth   (إذْ)

مِن ذَكضرٍ, إذَاذُكِرَاللهُ, فاذْكُرُونِي, تذْكِرَة, فَانْبِذْ

 ظ is articulated by putting pressure on the edge of the roots of the upper incisor teeth. The back of the tongue elevates to meet the upper palate as it is a thick letter  (إظْ)

والْكَاظِمين الْغَيظَ, مِنَ الظَّلِمِينَ, فِى لوْحٍ مَحْفُوظٍ, ظَهَرَ الفَسَادُ, يظْلِمُونَ

Tajweed Lesson Two, Part-1
Tajweed Lesson Two, Part-2
Tajweed Lesson Two, Part-3
Tajweed Lesson Two, Part-4

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